The Federalist Papers And Democracy Essay - 1475 Words

The Federalist Papers and Democracy in America describe formal and informal institutions that make American democracy successful. Tocqueville focused more on the informal institutions that had come a part of American democracy after it had been formed, while Publius focused on the necessary components needed to create an ideal American democracy. While there are many important institutions mentioned but he authors, three essential components of American democracy are separation of powers, the size of the republic, and associations. An important formal institution in our democracy is the system of separation of powers and checks and balances in the federal government. This is a formal institution as the constitution defines the roles each branch will play as well as how they interact. The goal of The Federalist Papers was to have the constitution be ratified, so they break down the formal institutions within it and explain the theory behind them. Madison sees this as important because a strong central government is needed in a democracy in order to protect minority rights. If the government isn t cohesive or if one branch becomes too powerful, it wont be able to fulfill its function of controlling the majority. As described in Federalist 51, â€Å"Each department should have a will of its own† and should interfere with the others as little as possible (318). In this sense, â€Å"ambition must be made to counter ambition† (319) between branches so no drastic changes are made tooShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of A Successful Political Revolution1389 Words   |  6 Pagesform a society built through democracy. In some cases, like the United States, the challenge to build a functioning society through democracy has been successful. Yet, in the case of the French Revolution for democracy, the result was near disastrous. So what separated these two nations in their conquest for a successful political revolution? The answer lies within the structures a nd institutions established by the United States founding fathers. Both The Federalist Paper by John Jay, James MadisonRead MoreAnti Federalists And The Revolutionary War934 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough independence was just won, the country still needed protection from other hostile countries. Besides protecting the country from foreign enemies, the Anti-Federalists wanted to protect the American people from its own government. In fact, the â€Å"Anti-Federalists were especially concerned with preserving for ordinary citizens the ability to participate in government† (Amar). After all, the Revolutionary War was fought in order to gain freedom from oppression. However, by giving all of the powerRead MoreThe Federalist Papers By John Jay995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federalist Papers â€Å"This country and this people seem to have been made for each other, and it appears as if it was the design of Providence that an inheritance so proper and convenient for a ban of brethren, united to each other by the strongest of ties, should never be split into a number of unsocial, jealous, and alien sovereignties.† (Jay 1787) This was written by John Jay in one of a collection of 85 essays written by John Jay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton known as The FederalistRead MoreJames Madison and the Federalist Papers743 Words   |  3 Pagesratification. The Federalists highly approved of the Constitution because it allowed for a more central and powerful government that was previously undermined under the Articles of Confederation. The Anti-Federalists, however, didn’t want a powerful central government, but, instead, powerful state governments; in response to the Constitution, many Anti-Federalists began writing essays and creating pamphlets as a means of arguing against it. In retaliation to the Anti-Federalists attempt at gettingRead MoreThe Constitution Of Government And Selections From Aristotle s Politics1009 Words   |  5 Pageshowever, like most other sciences, has received great improvement. The efficacy of various principles is now well understood, which were either not known at all, or imperfectly known to the ancients,† wrote Alexander Hamilton in Federalist Paper number 9. In The Federalist Papers, which Thomas Jefferson described as â€Å"the best commentary on the principles of government, which was ever written,† writers Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay sought to articulate and defend the integrity of theRead MoreDemocracy : A Perfect Democracy1398 Words   |  6 PagesDemocracy at its purest form is a system of government, which allows each and every citizen to participate actively and equally in the decisions being made. In a perfect democracy, the decisions made the government are pe rfect representations of what the people want. In reality, a perfect democracy is nearly impossible, especially when dealing with a population as large as the United States, but there are still techniques and systems that can be implemented into a society in which democracy can beRead MoreFederalists vs. Anti-Federalists1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthe subject of numerous debates. The contending groups consisted of Federalists, those who supported ratification, and Anti-Federalists, those opposed to the constitution. Each group published a series of letters known as the Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers. The Anti-Federalist papers objected to provisions of the proposed constitution while the Federalist Papers defended the rationale behind the document. Anti-Federalist objections included that; the United States was too extensive to beRead MoreThe Federalist 10, By James Madison858 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Federalist 10, it is mostly about the constitution. It was written b y James Madison, who oversaw it. The main purpose of this article is faction. In politics, faction is people that group themselves. Madison said that in the republic. Madison says that the number one common characteristic is the largest people. The democracy would be possible because you couldn’t create a majority group of people that would have a lot in common. However now, democracy become too big in this scale. People don’tRead MoreAnalysis Of Federalist 10 By James Madison1525 Words   |  7 PagesIn Federalist 10 by James Madison, he addresses key issues like factions and democracy, all while focusing on the usefulness of the Constitution and the necessity of a strong central government, to defend his Federalist ideology. Personally, I agree with the foundation of his arguments, especially on the topic of forms of government, as well as the role of representation in our government. Madison’s primary focus throughout the beginning of this paper is factions. He holds a deep disdain for themRead MoreAnti Federalists Vs. Federalists1634 Words   |  7 Pages Anti Federalists vs. Federalists (Paper #1) The Federalists and the Anti - Federalists played an indispensable part in the establishment of the American Constitution. Federalists were supporters of the constitution, while Anti federalist were against the ratification of the Constitution. Federalists believed in the idea of a larger heterogeneous republic whereas anti federalists wanted a small homogenous republic. Famous federalists like James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton are responsible

Free Speech Is The Cornerstone Of The American Freedom

The American lifestyle has always included the freedom to speak freely. This freedom, granted by the 1st amendment, can be viewed as the cornerstone of the American freedom since without it most of the other freedoms Americans enjoy become less useful or even obsolete. The issue that many find with free speech however is that everyone must have it even if that person holds an opposing opinion. This mutual respect is the foundation for civil discussions and debates that shape the country and even the world. However many Americans either no longer know how to discuss matters civilly or simply no longer want to hold important discussions this way. The population of people that believe this wishes to stop civil discussion and instead have only one belief that every person should share as being true. I therefore hypothesize that since many Americans are coming to believe this, free speech and the freedom of belief are no longer freedoms that Americans value, and that the right to free s peech is under attack by people living in America who believe that it should no longer exist. The amount of importance that Americans place on their freedoms is often vastly overestimated, but can be measured by polling companies, such as Gallup, that research the public’s opinions on certain matters such as the freedom of speech or privacy. The results of these polls, especially those taken after frightening events such as the 9/11 attacks, accurately reflect Americans’ opinions on issues,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Stonewall Jackson Way1421 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry-Archive, George W. Jacobs Co., www.poetry-archive.com/p/stonewall_jackson_s_way.html. Accessed 4 Sept. 2017. John Williamson Palmer is a famous American author who recorded revolutionary events. Palmer was originally a physician, but he later decided to pursue a career in journalism. Since he was writing during the Civil War, his works encompass American patriotism and morale. His poem â€Å"Stonewall Jackson’s Way† serves to commemorate the achievements and leadership of the Confederate General ThomasRead More Seperation Of Church From State939 Words   |  4 Pagesconstitution ever since it was written. The first amendment relates to a citizens freedom. This freedom does not only allow this practice speech but on thought as well. It states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.† (Barton, America: To†¦ p.15). When the constitution was formed society in general belonged to Orthodox Christian. John Quincy Adams, in a speech on July 4,1837 asked the crowd, â€Å"Why is it, that next to the birthday of theRead MorePos Wk 1949 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Constitution (Patterson, 2011, p28). Since we began our journey away from parliamentary government, the colonists who created this nation worked hard to create a nation that would be fair to all who lived here. Americans enjoy the pursuit of happiness, freedom of living and equality because of our Constitution. The foundation for our constitution can be traced back as far as medieval times and the Magna Carta. Even then people were fighting for the rights of the people. ThroughRead MoreSymbolic Speech : Freedom Of Speech1320 Words   |  6 Pages Freedom of Speech: To Kneel or Not to Kneel? Symbolic Speech: Whether tis Nobler to Ignore the First Amendment Introduction The inspiration for my topic came from our first assignment, the MTU Constitutional Essay Contest, and the NFL kneeling/National Anthem controversy. The extent of the public outcry and the divisiveness it has caused baffles. Kneeling during the playing of The National Anthem at widely viewed sporting events seems like a perfect and peaceful way to bring attentionRead MoreThe United States And The Civil War851 Words   |  4 PagesThe word â€Å"freedom† has always been a cornerstone of the numerous transformations of the American society. It is the notion that is found in speeches of both Republican and Democrat politicians, the idea that connected the mind of an affluent Southern plantation owner and that of a radical abolitionist. Generally, the understanding of any period in the United States history as a whole relies heavily on acquiring the knowledge of the way of life, and the patterns of thought of the American public. TheRead MoreMinimum Wage vs. Slavery1407 Words   |  6 PagesNevertheless, slavery and minimum wage are too entirely different struggles due to the fact that the hardships of slavery far outnumber the hardships of living off minimum wage. The main thing that makes slavery and minimum wage incomparable is the freedom of choice. Education is a prime example of choice. Back in slavery days blacks were not afforded the opportunity to receive an education. In fact, they were not even allowed to learn how to read and write. This is proven by a quote in an articleRead MoreReconstruction Era of the United States and African American Community803 Words   |  4 Pages92. In 1865 an appointment was held between representatives of an African American community in Savannah, Georgia and Edwin Staunton, Secretary of War, and Major General Sherman concerning topics of the freedman in Georgia. Land was set aside, 40 acres, and a mule that could no longer be used by the Army to establish a community of their own. 1. Black leaders believed that owning land was essential to freedom because by them owning their own land they would be able to support themselves by themselvesRead More What Is An American Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is an American. This country is full of individuals of many backgrounds, and diversities and each person has a different opinion on this question. In my opinion, an American is someone who values freedom and equality and pursues the American dream. Every American exercises these rights and these are great adjectives to describe our country. Each of the seven readings, and the one image I compiled help mold this broader definition into a more precise description of an American. Robert CreeleyRead MoreHuman Rights : Polished Synthesis Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagesweaknesses so that governments could be formed to reinforce democracy s strengths while counteracting its weaknesses. Even though the Bill of Rights has served as the cornerstone of basic American freedoms, the weaknesses in the American democracy were also created by the Bill of Rights because of the right to bear arms, freedom of the press, the right to be secured from unreasonable searches and seizures, and an independent and influential judiciary. The right to bear arms is one of the strongestRead MoreSchool Law Module Three Reading Reflection Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesSchool Law Module Three Reading Reflection American Public School Law, Chapter 8 – Student Speech and Expression Chapter Eight overviews the freedom of student speech and expression on public school property. The First Amendment provides students with the ability to openly speech and express themselves; however, there are limitations to these rights. Schools must balance the students right to free speech and expression with the need for a safe school that is advantageous for learning. As teachers

Common Accidents Among Children Free Essays

Common Accidents Among Children A person would think the safest place on earth is a family’s home. Most accidents occur in and around the home. Most of the accidents that occur could have been prevented if a few precautions have been taken. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Accidents Among Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Safety measures are often overlooked when a people are in a rush however protecting loved-ones from a senseless tragedy is worth the time. Most accidents that occur with infants are the use of mobile walkers. In 1997, mobile walkers need to be made wider than 36 inches, the size of a standard door. Accidents occur when a child in a walker falls down the stairs. The accidents can happen either inside a house, outside on the ground, or when on a deck or raised surface. Although it is the law that children are to ride in car seats when under the age of six or 60 pounds not everyone follows the law. Children are injured in motor vehicle accidents when the children are not placed in the car seats, the car seats are installed improperly, or the child is not wearing a seat belt. Many times when children are injured from not being in a car seat in an accident, there is an empty car seat in the back seat of the car. Burns are very common accidents with children. Parents should make sure their thermostat on the water heater is set below 120 degrees. Burns occur from scalding hot water in the bath tub. Many children suffer burns when adult’s accidentally spills hot liquids such as coffee or tea on a child. Children can also receive burns when they grab the handles of pots cooking on the stove. Parents should always make sure they all pot handles are turned toward the back of the stove so small children cannot pull them down on top of them. Another common way children receive burns are when the children pull the cords of curling irons or irons. Children riding on bikes with their parents are often injured. Children’s feet are caught in the spokes of the bicycle. Parents should always ride in seat. Parents and children should always make sure to wear their helmets. Poisoning is another accident that can be preventable. Cleaning products, paint thinners, pesticides, and medicines need to be locked up and out of the reach of children. Alcoholic beverages and tobacco should also be kept out of reach of children, if ingested it can be harmful to children. Children can also ingest plants that are poisonous. It is a good idea for parents to keep the phone number to poison control by the telephone in case of accidental ingestion. It is also a good idea to keep a bottle of Ipecac syrup in a medicine cabinet at all times. Parents should never induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by poison control. One of the most common causes of injury or death to young children is drowning. More males are injured than females, 3:1. A common misconception is that it takes a great deal of water for a child to drown. However, a child can drown in a few inches of water. Parents should Eradicate any standing water around the home. It sounds a little silly but even installing locks on the toilet bowl lids could prevent drowning. Children drown when left unattended in the bathtub. Parents should never leave their child unattended for any length of time when filling a bathtub full of water (Neifert, M. ,2003). Swimming pools should have gates with locks and have removable ladders. Children should never be allowed to swim by themselves. To maximize the security of children around the swimming pool, some parents have installed a water alarm. The alarm will sound when something enters the water. Electrocution is another common accident. Parents should put safety plugs in all outlets. This helps so that children cannot stick their fingers or metal objects into the outlets. Electrical cords should be hidden or out of the reach of the children. Children can pull at them or chew on them. Radios, curling irons and hair dryers should always be unplugged and kept away from the bathtub. Choking is another injury which occurs to children. Children especially those who have not started to walk yet pick up small objects off the floor and put them in their mouths. Toys that have small removable parts should not be given to children. Another toy children love that should be avoided is balloons. When balloons pop, the child can put a piece into his or her mouth. Once the balloon is swallowed it is very difficult to eject the balloon out of the child’s throat. Parents should always supervise their children when they are eating. Parents should avoid giving children hard candy, grapes, hot dogs, and peanuts. Children have also been known to choke accidentally themselves on the cord to the mini-blinds. Parents should not let their children play with long strings, ribbons, or ropes. Plastic bags should be thrown away or kept out of the reach of children to prevent suffocation. Keeping children safe is a difficult job. Parents and caregivers can make it easier by taking a few helpful precautions. If a house has a flight of stairs, parents need to put safety gates at the top and bottom to help prevent children from falling (LeBlanc, 2007). Keep the stairs free from toys or clutter to prevent falls. Loose carpeting should be tacked down and area rugs should have non-slip mats on the underside. The best way to prevent tragic accidents is to be aware about home safety. Supervision is the key with children. Children are quick and accidents can occur in a few seconds. References LeBlanc, J. (2007). Making Our Homes Safe For Children. Pediatrics for Parents, 23(9), 12. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database Neifert, M. (2003). Preventing common childhood injuries. Baby Talk, 68(8), 19. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. How to cite Common Accidents Among Children, Papers

The Phenomenon of Horizontal Violence-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Identify and Critically reflect on a Personal Professional Practice experience of your choice that is different to the issue you covered in your semester topic presentation. The focus is on an issue that you believe may occur again during your transition to practice as a graduate registered nurse. Justify your selection of this topic area and its Importance. Answer: Horizontal violence (HV) is defined as an act of unwanted hostility or abuse occurring within the workplace (BecherVisovsky, 2012).Horizontal violence is a series of repeated conflicts that makes HV overwhelming, generating symptoms like depression and posttraumatic stress among the victims(BecherVisovsky, 2012). The phenomenon of HV is at times used interchangeably with the term lateral violence (Taylor,2016). When a nurse or a group of nurses expresses hostile or harmful behaviour toward a particular co-worker, then it is term as horizontal violence in nursing profession(Sheridan-Leos, 2008). The members of nursing profession belongs to oppressed group with the majority of the members are women. According to the theory of oppression, lack of power and lack of control over the work environment lead to the generation of HV within the profession of nursing (Johnston, Phanhtharath Jackson, 2009). In nursing profession the act of HV is complicated because HV is extensively ingrained in the workplace culture of nursing and thus the victim nurses who are experiencing or witnessing the same do not recognize it (Taylor,2016). HV which results out of cyclic acts of aggression towards the co-workers is also termed as workplace bullying. Here bullying means demeaning the employee, either publicly or privately. Here the main intension of the bullys is to cause psychological and physical stress to the victims (Vessey, DeMarcoDiFazio, 2011). Other behaviour that contributes horizontal violence include blaming, verbal fighting among the colleagues, criticizing, refusing to provide help, humiliation in a public place and undermining efforts (Dumont, Meisinger, Whitacre Corbin, 2012). Other threats are gossiping, isolation, threat, ignorance and making observable physical expression like rolling of eyes (Thomas Burk, 2009). HV perished dignity of an individual and this in turn is detrimental for the profession. HV has special implications over the students or the newly graduated nursing personnel who have mainly question regarding practical field of work and requires profession guidance in order to achieve their full potential in nursing profession. New graduate nurses who are the victims of HV face difficulties in achieving success due to complex workplace environmental conflict(Laschinger et al., 2010). Not only the team of newly graduates, HV hamper the equilibrium of nursing profession or the health care team. This damage is caused by ever widening rift between the nursing professionals or group of professionals. The effect of HV in turn indirectly affects the health and the quality of life of the patient (Roche et al., 2010). The victims of HV in nursing profession suffer from low self-esteem, anxiety, sleeping disorder and depression. All these side-effects are detrimental for nursing profession a nd effects the employee retention leading to poor patient : nurse ratio (Wilson et al., 2011; Weaver, 2013). This is due to the fact that the majority of the nurses who have become the victim of HV have considered leaving the profession and which have contributed to the shortage in national nursing. In the name of HV, important information related to patient care is either omitted or kept secret from the new attending graduate nurse. As a result, the victimised nurse falls in a poor position in front of the doctors and the family members of the patients. Not only this, patient, quality treatment and health is also compromised due to such acts. This negligence in patient care arising out of the lack of information may cost negatively to the patients, their family and the health care institute. Such condition may also inflict potential legal action against the guilty nurses and the overall condition can be staggering. Moreover, what more threatening is, HV has also inflicted suicidal behaviour. In spite to its wide spread detrimental effects, the majority of the incidence of HV remains unreported. Even with zero retaliation policies, victims are not aware of the appropriate steps to report against V. Moreover, the problem in employee retention and lack of quality care arising out of the HV has affected the health care institute financially. Moreover, this financial loss is further increased as a result of absenteeism, therapy for depression and anxiety and poor work performance. In this essay I will highlight a specific case of HV that I have experienced during my transition to practice as a graduate registered nurse under the 5Rs framework for reflection(Bain et al. 2002). Reporting: When I joined as a as a trainee nurse after by completion of graduate degree in nursing, I too became the victim of HV from my senior registered nurses refuse to corporate with me. I was attending a patient in a palliative care and the doctors asked me to replace his nasogastric tube. As a trainee nurse, I was not aware of the actual proceeding are the regulations that are required to be followed during the insertion of fine bore nasogastric tube. For obvious reasons, I was scared but when I approached by fellow colleagues, but they refuse to stretch their helping hands towards me. Since I was novice in this domain, the improper insertion of the tube caused aspiration associated dislodgement(Fine Bore Nasogastric Feeding Tubes for Adult Policy, 2017). The patient condition became extremely unstable and got further scared and then my seniors came in and controlled the entire situation. However, in return I got humiliation from the doctors, complains form the patient family and all these dragged my self-esteem to a negative parameter. Responding: This situation made me feel stupid and incapable. It destroyed my confidence to work as a nurse. I also felt isolated as none of my seniors approached me or helped me out when I was showcased for improper nasogastric tube insertion. I developed a fear of going to work as I was secretly ashamed of being bullied and at the same time confused as to how to fight back. I developed stress-related illness like nausea, headache, weight loss, depression, anxiety, insomnia, irritability and post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS)(Elena Losa Iglesias Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, 2012). Such conditions gradually became more severe when their act of bullying continued or rather say increased. Whenever I passed through corridor of any ward, I saw certain physical gestures like rolling of eyes or verbal abuse coming against me. This further made me more isolated and affected my self-esteem. Relating: As time passed and I gradually understood that the problem of HVmight have originated from individual factors, environmental factors and other organisational factors(Rocker, 2008). Here individual factors include mental illness and female gender workers. Workplace environment, lack of safety measures and working with hostile and violent patients and their family membersfall under poor environmental factors (Vessey, DeMarcoDiFazio, 2011). Organisational factors include nurse shortage due to understaffing, lack of adequate resources and poor workgroup(Katrinli et al., 2010). Moreover, what I felt is bullying behaviour that is prevalent among the nurses is a kind of learned process. For example, the new nursing practitioner may indulgein the act of bullying others, common among the veteran nurses, just to gel with them, contributing towards the continuation of HV among the nursing profession(Rocker, 2008). Reasoning:When I interacted with the other fellow trainee nursesand friends of mine who are serving as a traineeI discovered that actual incidence and the occurrence of the HV among the nursing profession is underreported and unrecognised(Rocker, 2008). However, according to the report published by Stagg et al., in the year 2011, HV is widespread among the nurses in Australia with an estimated percentage of 65 to 80%. My friends reported that they felt humiliated as they gradually began to assimilate these kinds of demeaning behaviours into the workplace. Moreover, me and my friends in nursing field felt leaving the profession altogether with an increased level of absenteeism in order to avoid uncomfortable situation. I also found that verbal abuse has more significant impacts on self-esteem than the physical abuse in the domain of HV. As a trainee, we do not have a defined and approved social role, neither a fixed salary and nor a dedicated bond with specific nursing work and hence we become an easy prey of verbal abuse that lowersour self-esteem and morale(MagnavitaHeponiemi, 2011). Reconstructing: What I felt during my transition to registered nurse and subsequent experience of HV is that it is the role of the experienced professional nurse to maintain and attain work environments in consistent with the professional values(BecherVisovsky, 2012). Here, the nurses or the matrons who are serving as the nursing leaders must come forward to prevent these unhealthy activities via providing proper support and education (Becher Visovsky, 2012). They must also support the trainee nurse or newly graduate nurse via giving periodic feedback about their performance so that they can work on their weak areas while providing opportunities for further professional development. Senior registered nurses must also hold them and their experienced peers accountable for modelling acceptable professional behaviour. When any one of the team displays unprofessional behaviour, a proper corrective plan must be instituted. Moreover, a proper plan must be initiated to revamp the entire nur sing culture that preaches and supports the act of HV. I also feel that while approaching complains or allegations regarding HV, the assigned nurse leader must try to maintain a strict objective stance and thereby assess all the related facts. These nurse leaders must also be accustomed or aware about the organisational policies and must take appropriate disciplinary actions when any act of HV is found threatening the overall integrity in the workplace. Health managers in the workplace must also participate in the HV education and must keep their employees alert about the occurrence of the HV and how to report against it. Managers can also generate awareness among the staffs via making them aware about the policies that govern the professional code of conduct of nursing in Australia so that they can feel empowered to take necessary actions against HV (BecherVisovsky, 2012). According to Huntington et al., 2011, poor staffing along with increased patient acuity and decrease in resour ces lead to upliftment of stress and conflict and so good ratio to nurse :patient will help in the reduction of the incidence of HV. Manager must also take active steps in proper employee recruitment and employee retention.Another important aspect which can put an end of the HV in nursing profession is proper communication between the employees. These can be done via educational workshops that will enhance awareness in the field of HV and will simultaneously improve positive communication, which will result in better workplace environment with reduction in vacancy rates along with decrease in the incidence of HV (Ceravolo et al., 2012). References Bain, J. D., Ballantyne, R., Mills, C., Lester, N. C. (2002).Reflecting on practice: Student teachers' perspectives. Post Pressed. Becher, J., Visovsky, C. (2012).Horizontal violence in nursing.Medsurg nursing,21(4), 210. Ceravolo, D. J., Schwartz, D. G., FOLTZ?RAMOS, K. M., Castner, J. (2012). Strengthening communication to overcome lateral violence.Journal of Nursing Management,20(5), 599-606. Dumont, C., Meisinger, S., Whitacre, M. J., Corbin, G. (2012).Nursing2012 horizontal violence survey report.Nursing2016,42(1), 44-49. Elena Losa Iglesias, M., Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, R. (2012). Prevalence of bullying at work and its association with self-esteem scores in a Spanish nurse sample.Contemporary nurse,42(1), 2-10. Fine Bore Nasogastric Feeding Tubes for Adult Policy. (2017) (pp. 1 to 8). Australia. Retrieved from https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments Huntington, A., Gilmour, J., Tuckett, A., Neville, S., Wilson, D., Turner, C. (2011). Is anybody listening? A qualitative study of nurses reflections on practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(9-10), 1413-1422 Johnston, M., Phanhtharath, P., Jackson, B. S. (2009).The bullying aspect of workplace violence in nursing.Critical Care Nursing Quarterly,32(4), 287-295. Katrinli, A., Atabay, G., Gunay, G., Cangarli, B. G. (2010).Nurses perceptions of individual and organizational political reasons for horizontal peer bullying.Nursing Ethics,17(5), 614-627. Laschinger, H. K. S., Grau, A. L., Finegan, J., Wilk, P. (2010). New graduate nurses experiences of bullying and burnout in hospital settings.Journal of advanced nursing,66(12), 2732-2742. Magnavita, N., Heponiemi, T. (2011).Workplace violence against nursing students and nurses: an Italian experience.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,43(2), 203-210. Roche, M., Diers, D., Duffield, C., Catling?Paull, C. (2010).Violence toward nurses, the work environment, and patient outcomes.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,42(1), 13-22. Rocker, C. F. (2008).Addressing nurse-to-nurse bullying to promote nurse retention.Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,13(3). Sheridan-Leos, N. (2008). Understanding lateral violence in nursing.Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing,12(3), 399. Stagg, S.J., Sheridan, D., Jones, R.A., Speroni, K.G. (2011).Evaluation of a workplace bullying cognitive rehearsal program in a hospital setting. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 42(9), 395-401. doi:10.3928/00220124-20110823-45 Taylor, R. (2016). Nurses Perceptions of Horizontal Violence.Global qualitative nursing research,3, 2333393616641002. Thomas, S. P., Burk, R. (2009).Junior nursing students' experiences of vertical violence during clinical rotations.Nursing outlook,57(4), 226-231. Vessey, J. A., DeMarco, R., DiFazio, R. (2011).Bullying, harassment and horizontal violence in the nursing workforce.Annual review of nursing research,28(1), 133-157. Weaver, K. B. (2013). The effects of horizontal violence and bullying on new nurse retention.Journal for nurses in professional development,29(3), 138-142. Wilson, B. L., Diedrich, A., Phelps, C. L., Choi, M. (2011).Bullies at work: the impact of horizontal hostility in the hospital setting and intent to leave.Journal of Nursing Administration,41(11), 453-458.